Data communication is the transfer of data from one point to another via networks. This can be a wired or wireless medium, like optical fibers or copper wires or a computer network. The information being transferred is usually represented as an electromagnetic signal which may vary in amplitude or speed.
Transmission of information over long distances is perhaps the most difficult component of data communication. This is due to the fact that signals passing through long conductors can be susceptible to noise or electrical distortion that could corrupt the original data.
Error detection is a key component of successful data communication. This is accomplished by adding checksums to the data packets that compose a transmission and then comparing that sum to all packets arriving at the destination. If the resulting sum is equal to zero, then no errors have occurred during the data transmission.
It is essential to maintain a high transmission rate for accurate and reliable communication. This can be accomplished by ensuring that data transfers over a medium that is free from interference, or by sending redundant information to avoid the loss of data due to intermittent interruptions.
A reliable data communication system is essential for a wide range of applications, such as traffic information, chat services, file downloads and Internet-based services. Traffic data, for example, can provide real-time estimates of traffic to motorists and other passengers on the road, which will assist them in making better decisions.